Most modern browsers implicitly assign the protocol's default port when omitted. To illustrate, the following table gives an overview of typical outcomes for checks against the URL " ".
Two resources are considered to be of the same origin if and only if all these values are exactly the same. If the URI does not use a hierarchical element as a naming authority (see RFC 3986, Section 3.2) or if the URI is not an absolute URI, then a globally unique identifier is used. For absolute URIs, the origin is the triple. The algorithm used to calculate the "origin" of a URI is specified in RFC 6454, Section 4. The policies are not required to match an exact specification but are often extended to define roughly compatible security boundaries for other web technologies, such as Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Flash, or Adobe Acrobat, or for mechanisms other than direct DOM manipulation, such as XMLHttpRequest. The policy was originally designed to protect access to the DOM, but has since been broadened to protect sensitive parts of the global JavaScript object.Īll modern browsers implement some form of the same-origin policy as it is an important security cornerstone. JavaScript enabled scripting on web pages, and in particular programmatic access to the Document Object Model (DOM). The concept of same-origin policy was introduced by Netscape Navigator 2.02 in 1995, shortly after the introduction of JavaScript in Netscape 2.0. Attacks take advantage of the fact that the same origin policy does not apply to HTML tags. This means that resources such as images, CSS, and dynamically-loaded scripts can be accessed across origins via the corresponding HTML tags (with fonts being a notable exception ). It is very important to remember that the same-origin policy applies only to scripts.
A strict separation between content provided by unrelated sites must be maintained on the client-side to prevent the loss of data confidentiality or integrity. This mechanism bears a particular significance for modern web applications that extensively depend on HTTP cookies to maintain authenticated user sessions, as servers act based on the HTTP cookie information to reveal sensitive information or take state-changing actions. This policy prevents a malicious script on one page from obtaining access to sensitive data on another web page through that page's Document Object Model. An origin is defined as a combination of URI scheme, host name, and port number. Under the policy, a web browser permits scripts contained in a first web page to access data in a second web page, but only if both web pages have the same origin. In computing, the same-origin policy ( SOP) is an important concept in the web application security model.
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